沟通 (gōutōng) means 'to communicate' — specifically, the two-way exchange of ideas, feelings, or information between people. It emphasizes mutual understanding and active listening, not just speaking. The character 沟 (gōu) literally means 'ditch' or 'channel', suggesting a pathway; 通 (tōng) means 'to connect' or 'to flow through'. Together, they evoke the image of creating an open channel for thoughts to flow smoothly between individuals.

This word is commonly used in interpersonal, professional, and educational contexts — such as discussing work tasks, resolving misunderstandings with family, or collaborating on a project. It’s more formal and intentional than casual chatting (聊天) and implies purposeful, constructive interaction. You’ll often see it in phrases like 沟通能力 (communication skills), 有效沟通 (effective communication), or 加强沟通 (strengthen communication). While it can appear in written or spoken Chinese, it’s rarely used for one-way broadcasting (e.g., announcements); true 沟通 requires reciprocity.