害羞 (hài xiū) is an adjective meaning 'shy' or 'bashful'—describing a feeling of nervous self-consciousness, especially in social situations. The first character 害 (hài) originally means 'to harm' but here functions as a verb-like prefix indicating a negative emotional reaction; 羞 (xiū) means 'shame' or 'embarrassment'. Together, they convey the sense of being inwardly unsettled or flustered by attention, judgment, or unfamiliar interaction. It’s commonly used to describe people—especially children, teenagers, or those new to a situation—who avoid eye contact, speak softly, or withdraw when addressed.

This word reflects a culturally valued modesty in many Chinese contexts and is often used neutrally or sympathetically—not negatively. It can describe temporary states ('She feels shy today') or more enduring personality traits ('He’s always shy around strangers'). Unlike some English synonyms, 害羞 doesn’t imply social anxiety disorder; it’s everyday, mild, and socially acceptable. It’s rarely used for animals or objects unless in playful anthropomorphism.