'伴娘' (bàn niáng) literally combines '伴' (bàn), meaning 'companion' or 'to accompany', and '娘' (niáng), an informal term for 'young woman' or 'girl'. Together, the word specifically refers to a female friend or relative who supports the bride before and during a wedding ceremony — a bridesmaid. Unlike Western usage where 'bridesmaid' may imply formal duties or attire, in Chinese contexts, 伴娘 often emphasizes emotional support, practical assistance (e.g., holding the bouquet or adjusting the dress), and symbolic companionship.

The role is culturally significant in modern Chinese weddings, especially urban ones influenced by global customs. While traditionally less codified than in Western traditions, contemporary 伴娘 are frequently chosen from close friends or sisters, and their presence signals intimacy and celebration. The term is neutral in register and used in both spoken and written language, though it rarely appears outside wedding-related contexts.