胆量 (dǎn liàng) literally combines 胆 (dǎn), meaning 'gallbladder' — historically associated with courage in Chinese physiology and idioms — and 量 (liàng), meaning 'capacity' or 'measure'. Together, they convey the inner capacity for courage or boldness: not just fearlessness, but the mental strength to act decisively despite risk, uncertainty, or pressure. It emphasizes personal resolve rather than recklessness.

This noun is commonly used to describe admirable qualities in people facing challenges — such as speaking up in meetings, trying something new, or standing up for others. It often appears in evaluations ('He has great 胆量'), encouragement ('You need more 胆量'), or comparisons ('Her 胆量 surprised everyone'). While related to bravery, 胆量 focuses on the psychological readiness to act, not physical daring. It carries a slightly formal, positive connotation and is frequently found in speeches, essays, and motivational contexts.