'Péi lǐ' literally combines 'péi' (to compensate, make up for) and 'lǐ' (ritual, courtesy, or formal respect). Together, it means to formally apologize—often with a gesture of humility or restitution, such as offering gifts, bowing, or writing a sincere letter. It carries a stronger connotation of taking responsibility and seeking reconciliation than casual apologies like 'duì bu qǐ'. It’s commonly used in situations where one has caused tangible harm, embarrassment, or breach of social etiquette.

This term is typically found in written communication, official settings, or serious interpersonal contexts—such as apologizing to elders, teachers, or business partners. While it can be used verbally, it often implies an action beyond words: bringing fruit to a neighbor’s home after damaging their property, or publicly acknowledging fault at work. It reflects Confucian values emphasizing harmony, face-saving, and moral accountability through respectful conduct.