'伪科学' (wěikēxué) literally means 'false science' — composed of 伪 (wěi, 'false' or 'counterfeit'), 科 (kē, short for 科学 kēxué, 'science'), and 学 (xué, 'study' or 'learning'). Unlike legitimate science, which relies on empirical evidence, testable hypotheses, and peer review, 伪科学 presents claims that mimic scientific language but lack rigorous methodology, reproducibility, or logical consistency. It often appears in health fads, alternative medicine, conspiracy theories, or commercial products making exaggerated promises.

This term carries a strongly negative connotation and is commonly used by educators, scientists, and journalists to warn the public against misleading information. While it may sound plausible — especially when using technical-sounding jargon — 伪科学 is not recognized by the scientific community. Distinguishing it from genuine science requires critical thinking and understanding of the scientific method.