虚伪 (xū wěi) is an adjective meaning 'hypocritical' or 'insincere' — describing someone who pretends to have virtues, beliefs, or feelings they do not actually possess. The first character 虚 (xū) means 'empty', 'false', or 'unreal', suggesting a lack of authenticity; the second character 伪 (wěi) means 'false', 'fake', or 'counterfeit'. Together, they form a compound that emphasizes moral insincerity — not just lying, but putting on a socially acceptable façade while concealing true motives or attitudes. It carries strong negative connotations and is often used in moral judgment or social criticism.

This word commonly appears in discussions about ethics, interpersonal trust, or public behavior — for example, criticizing politicians who preach honesty while acting corruptly, or friends who praise you to your face but gossip behind your back. It’s more formal and critical than casual terms like 假 (jiǎ, 'fake') and implies deliberate deception rooted in self-interest or fear of disapproval.