谦虚 is an adjective meaning 'modest' or 'humble', describing a person who does not boast about their abilities, achievements, or status and shows respectful restraint in self-presentation. The first character 谦 (qiān) means 'respectful' or 'deferential', often implying yielding or humility in social interaction; the second character 虚 (xū) means 'empty' or 'hollow', used here metaphorically to suggest openness, lack of arrogance, and willingness to learn. Together, they form a compound that emphasizes inner modesty — not just polite behavior, but a genuine attitude of self-awareness and respect for others.

This word is commonly used to praise someone’s character, especially in educational, professional, or familial contexts. It carries positive cultural weight in Chinese society, where modesty is highly valued as a moral virtue. People may describe students, colleagues, or elders as 谦虚 when they downplay their successes, accept criticism gracefully, or give credit to others. It’s rarely used in negative or ironic contexts without clear markers (e.g., quotation marks or tone), as doing so could risk sounding insincere or mocking.